After you have attained a reasonable degree of proficiency in basic maneuvers, you can apply your skills to the various combinations of individual maneuvers. The following practice patterns, and those described in pages 265 and 266 of the Appendix are directly applicable to operational instrument flying problems to be discussed in later chapters.
Figure 5-43. Holding pattern (entire pattern in level flight).
Steps-
1. Time 3 minutes straight-and-level flight from A to B. During
this interval, reduce airspeed to holding speed (maximum 175 knots). Use
any airspeed appropriate for your airplane.
2. Start 180° standard-rate turn at B. Roll out at C on the
reciprocal of your heading at A.
3. Time 1 minute straight-and-level flight from C to D.
4. Start 180° standard-rate level turn at D, rolling out
on original heading.
NOTE - This pattern is an exercise combining use of the clock with basic maneuvers. Holding procedures are covered in Chapter XII.
Figure 5-44. Standard procedure turn (entire pattern in level flight).
Steps-
1. Start timing at A for 2 minutes from A to B.
2. At B, turn 45° (standard-rate). After roll-out, fly 1
minute to C.
3. At C, turn 180°.
4. At completion of turn, time 45 seconds to E.
5. Start turn at E for 45° change of heading to reciprocal
of heading at beginning of maneuver.
Figure 5-45. 80/260 procedure turn (entire pattern in level flight).
Steps-
1. Start timing at A for 2 minutes from A to B.
2. At B, enter a left standard rate turn for a heading change
of 80°.
3. At the completion of the 80° turn at C, immediately turn
right for a heading change of 260°, rolling out on the reciprocal of
the entry heading.
Figure 5-46. Teardrop holding pattern entry (entire pattern in level flight).
Steps-
1. Start timing at A for 2 minutes from A to B. Reduce airspeed
to holding speed in this interval.
2. At B, enter standard-rate turn for 30° change of heading.
Time 1 minute from B to C.
3. At C, enter standard-rate turn for a 210° change of heading,
rolling out on the reciprocal of the original entry heading.
Figure 5-47. Patterns applicable to circling approaches (runways are imaginary).
Pattern I - Steps-
1. At A, start timing for 2 minutes from A to B; reduce airspeed
to approach speed.
2. At B, make a standard rate turn to the left for 45°.
3. At the completion of the turn, time for 45 seconds to C.
4. At C, turn to the original heading; fly 1 minute to D, lowering
the landing gear and flaps.
5. At D, turn right 180°, rolling out at E on the reciprocal
of the entry heading.
6. At E, enter a 500 fpm rate descent. At the end of a 500-foot
descent, enter a straight constant airspeed climb, retracting gear and
flaps.
Pattern II - Steps-
1. At A, start timing for 2 minutes from A to B; reduce airspeed
to approach speed.
2. At B, make a standard rate turn to the left for 45°.
3. At the completion of the turn, time for 1 minute to C.
4. At C, turn right for 180°; fly for 1 1/2 minutes to E,
lowering the landing gear and flaps.
5. At E, turn right for 180°, rolling out at F.
6. At F, enter a 500 fpm rate descent. At the end of a 500-foot
descent, enter a straight constant airspeed climb, retracting gear and
flaps.