1-2-1 Word Meanings
As used in this manual:
a. Shall, or an action verb in the imperative sense, means a
procedure is mandatory.
EXAMPLE -
The transferring controller shall forward these data to the receiving
controller.
Issue an alternative clearance.
Authorize the aircraft to taxi.
Do not clear an aircraft to land on or takeoff from a closed
runway.
b. Should means a procedure is recommended.
c. May or need not means a procedure is optional.
d. Will means futurity, not a requirement for the application
of a procedure.
e. Singular words include the plural.
f. Plural words include the singular.
g. Aircraft means the airframe, crew members, or both.
h. Approved separation means separation in accordance with the
applicable minima in this manual.
i. Altitude means indicated altitude mean sea level (MSL), flight
level (FL), or both.
j. Miles means nautical miles unless otherwise specified, and
means statute miles in conjunction with visibility.
k. Course, bearing, azimuth, heading, and wind direction information
shall always be magnetic unless specifically stated otherwise.
l. Time when used for ATC operational activities, is the hour
and the minute in Coordinated Universal Time (UTC). Change to the next
minute is made at the minute plus 30 seconds, except time checks are given
to the nearest quarter minute.
m. Runway means the runway used by aircraft, and in discussions
of separation standards is applicable to helipads with accompanying takeoff/landing
courses. (see Pilot/Controller Glossary term - Runway),
n. Flight operations in accordance with the options of due regard
or operational obligates the authorized state aircraft commander to:
1. Separate his aircraft from all other air traffic; and
2. Assure that an appropriate monitoring agency assumes responsibility
for search and rescue actions; and
3. Operate under at least one of the following conditions:
(a) In visual meteorological conditions (VMC); or
(b) Within radar surveillance and radio communications
of a surface radar facility; or
(c) Be equipped with airborne radar that is sufficient
to provide separation between his aircraft and any other aircraft he may
be controlling and other aircraft; or
(d) Operate within Class G airspace.
(e) An understanding between the pilot and controller
regarding the intent of the pilot and the status of the flight should be
arrived at before the aircraft leaves air traffic control (ATC) frequency.
NOTE -
1 - A pilot's use of the phrase "Going Tactical" does not indicate
"Due Regard." An understanding between the pilot and controller regarding
the intent of the pilot and the status of the flight should be arrived
at before the aircraft leaves air traffic control (ATC) frequency.
2 - The above conditions provide for a level of safety equivalent to
that normally given by International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO)
ATC agencies and fulfills U.S. Government Obligations under Article 3 of
the Chicago Convention of 1944 (reference (d)), which stipulates there
must be "due regard for the safety of navigation of civil aircraft" when
flight is not being conducted under ICAO flight procedures.
o. CFR means Title 14, Code of Federal Regulations, Parts 1 through
199.
|
1-2-2 Course Definition
The following definitions shall be used in the application of the separation criteria in this order.
NOTE -
The term "protected airspace," as used in this paragraph, is the airspace
equal to one half the required applicable lateral separation on either
side of an aircraft along its projected flight path. If the protected airspace
of two aircraft does not overlap, applicable lateral separation is ensured.
a. SAME COURSES are courses whose protected airspaces are coincident,
overlap, or intersect and whose angular difference is less than 45 degrees.
(See Figure 1-2-1)
b. CROSSING COURSES are intersecting courses whose angular difference
is 45 through 135 degrees inclusive. (See Figure 1-2-1)
c. OPPOSITE/RECIPROCAL COURSES are courses whose protected airspaces
are coincident, overlap, or intersect and whose angular difference is 136
through 180 degrees inclusive. (See Figure 1-2-1)
1-2-3 Notes
Statements of fact, or of a prefatory or explanatory nature relating
to directive material, are set forth as notes.