After you have attained a reasonable degree of proficiency in basic maneuvers, you can apply your skills to the various combinations of individual maneuvers. The following practice patterns, and those described in pages 265 and 266 of the Appendix are directly applicable to operational instrument flying problems to be discussed in later chapters.

Figure 5-43. Holding pattern (entire pattern in level flight).

Steps-
 1. Time 3 minutes straight-and-level flight from A to B. During this interval, reduce airspeed to holding speed (maximum 175 knots). Use any airspeed appropriate for your airplane.
 2. Start 180° standard-rate turn at B. Roll out at C on the reciprocal of your heading at A.
 3. Time 1 minute straight-and-level flight from C to D.
 4. Start 180° standard-rate level turn at D, rolling out on original heading.

NOTE - This pattern is an exercise combining use of the clock with basic maneuvers. Holding procedures are covered in Chapter XII.

Figure 5-44. Standard procedure turn (entire pattern in level flight).

Steps-
 1. Start timing at A for 2 minutes from A to B.
 2. At B, turn 45° (standard-rate). After roll-out, fly 1 minute to C.
 3. At C, turn 180°.
 4. At completion of turn, time 45 seconds to E.
 5. Start turn at E for 45° change of heading to reciprocal of heading at beginning of maneuver.

Figure 5-45. 80/260 procedure turn (entire pattern in level flight).

Steps-
 1. Start timing at A for 2 minutes from A to B.
 2. At B, enter a left standard rate turn for a heading change of 80°.
 3. At the completion of the 80° turn at C, immediately turn right for a heading change of 260°, rolling out on the reciprocal of the entry heading.

Figure 5-46. Teardrop holding pattern entry (entire pattern in level flight).

Steps-
 1. Start timing at A for 2 minutes from A to B. Reduce airspeed to holding speed in this interval.
 2. At B, enter standard-rate turn for 30° change of heading. Time 1 minute from B to C.
 3. At C, enter standard-rate turn for a 210° change of heading, rolling out on the reciprocal of the original entry heading.

Figure 5-47. Patterns applicable to circling approaches (runways are imaginary).

Pattern I - Steps-
 1. At A, start timing for 2 minutes from A to B; reduce airspeed to approach speed.
 2. At B, make a standard rate turn to the left for 45°.
 3. At the completion of the turn, time for 45 seconds to C.
 4. At C, turn to the original heading; fly 1 minute to D, lowering the landing gear and flaps.
 5. At D, turn right 180°, rolling out at E on the reciprocal of the entry heading.
 6. At E, enter a 500 fpm rate descent. At the end of a 500-foot descent, enter a straight constant airspeed climb, retracting gear and flaps.

Pattern II - Steps-
 1. At A, start timing for 2 minutes from A to B; reduce airspeed to approach speed.
 2. At B, make a standard rate turn to the left for 45°.
 3. At the completion of the turn, time for 1 minute to C.
 4. At C, turn right for 180°; fly for 1 1/2 minutes to E, lowering the landing gear and flaps.
 5. At E, turn right for 180°, rolling out at F.
 6. At F, enter a 500 fpm rate descent. At the end of a 500-foot descent, enter a straight constant airspeed climb, retracting gear and flaps.