Clear aircraft via routes consistent with the altitude stratum in which the operation is to be conducted by one or more of the following:
NOTE -
Except for certain NAVAIDs/routes used by scheduled air carriers or
authorized for specific uses in the control of IFR aircraft, airways, routes,
and NAVAIDs established for use at specified altitudes are shown on U.S.
Government charts or DOD FLIP charts.
REFERENCE -
FAAO 7110.65, NAVAID Terms, paragraph 2-5-2.
FAAO 7110.65, Exceptions, paragraph 4-1-2.
FAAO 7110.65, Minimum En Route Altitudes, paragraph 4-5-6.
FAAO 7110.65, Application, paragraph 5-6-1.
a. Designated airways and routes.
PHRASEOLOGY -
VIA:
VICTOR (color) (airway number) (the word ROMEO when RNAV),
or
J (route number) (the word ROMEO when RNAV),
or
SUBSTITUTE (airway or jet route) FROM (fix) TO (fix),
or
IR (route number).
CROSS/JOIN VICTOR/(color) (airway number), (number of miles)
MILES (direction) OF (fix).
b. Radials, courses, azimuths, or direct to or from NAVAIDs.
PHRASEOLOGY -
DIRECT.
VIA:
(name of NAVAID) (specified) RADIAL/COURSE/AZIMUTH,
or
(fix) AND (fix),
or
RADIALS OF (airway or route) AND (airway or route).
c. DME arcs of VORTAC, MLS, or TACAN aids.
d. Radials, courses, azimuths, and headings of departure or arrival
routes.
{New-98-8 Revised August 13, 1998. "DP" was "SID"}
e. DP's/STAR's/FMSP's.
f. Vectors.
g. Fixes defined in terms of degree-distance from NAVAIDs for
special military operations.
h. Courses, azimuths, bearings, quadrants, or radials within
a radius of a NAVAID.
PHRASEOLOGY -
CLEARED TO FLY (general direction from NAVAID) OF (NAVAID name
and type) BETWEEN
(specified) COURSES TO / BEARINGS FROM / RADIALS (NAVAID name
when a NDB) WITHIN
(number of miles) MILE RADIUS,
or
CLEARED TO FLY (specified) QUADRANT OF (NAVAID name and type)
WITHIN (number of miles)
MILE RADIUS.
or
CLEARED TO FLY (general direction from MLS) OF (name or MLS)
BETWEEN (specified) AZIMUTHS
WITHIN/BETWEEN (number of miles) MILE RADIUS.
EXAMPLE -
1- "Cleared to fly east of Allentown VORTAC between the zero four five
and the one three five radials within four zero mile radius."
2 - "Cleared to fly east of Crystal Lake radio beacon between the two
two five and the three one five courses to Crystal Lake within three zero
mile radius."
3 - "Cleared to fly northeast quadrant of Philipsburg VORTAC within
four zero mile radius."
"Cleared to fly east of the Montgomery MLS Runway Two Eight Left
between the two seven zero and the two four zero azimuth within a 5 mile
radius."
i. Fixes/waypoints defined in terms of:
1. Published name
or
2. Degree-distance from NAVAID's
or
3. Latitude/longitude coordinates
or
4. Offset from published or established routes / airways at
a specified distance and direction for random (impromptu) RNAV Routes.
PHRASEOLOGY -
DIRECT (fix/waypoint)
DIRECT TO THE (facility) (radial) (distance) FIX.
OFFSET (distance) RIGHT / LEFT OF (route).
EXAMPLE -
"Direct SUNOL."
"Direct to the Appleton three one zero radial two five mile fix."
"Offset eight miles right of Victor Six."
REFERENCE -
FAAO 7110.65, Aircraft Equipment Suffix, paragraph 2-3-7
FAAO 7110.65, Navaid Fixes, paragraph 2-5-3
{New-98-3 Revised February 26, 1998}
FAAO 7110.65, Section 5. Radar Separation, Application, paragraph
5-5-1.
4-4-2 Route Structure Transitions
To effect transition within or between route structure, clear
an aircraft by one or more of the following methods, based on VOR, VORTAC,
TACAN, or MLS NAVAIDs (unless use of other NAVAIDs are essential to aircraft
operation or ATC efficiency):
a. Vector aircraft to or from radials, courses, or azimuths of
the airway or route assigned.
{New-98-8 Revised August 13, 1998. "DP" was "SID"}
b. Assign a DP/STAR/FMSP.
c. Clear departing or arriving aircraft to climb or descend via
radials, courses, or azimuths of the airway or jet route assigned.
d. Clear departing or arriving aircraft directly to or between
the NAVAIDs forming the airway or route assigned.
e. Clear aircraft to climb or descend via the airway or route
on which flight will be conducted.
f. Clear aircraft to climb or descend on specified radials, courses,
or azimuths of NAVAIDs.
g. Provide radar monitor when transition to or from a designated
or established RNAV route is made along random RNAV routes.
h. Clear RNAV aircraft transitioning to or between designated
or established RNAV routes direct to a named waypoint on the new route.
4-4-3 Degree-Distance Route Definition for Military Operations
EN ROUTE
a. Do not accept a military flight plan whose route or route
segments do not coincide with designated airways or jet routes or with
a direct course between NAVAIDs unless it is authorized in subparagraph
b and meets the following degree-distance route definition and procedural
requirements:
1. The route or route segments shall be defined in the flight
plan by degree-distance fixes composed of:
(a) A location identifier;
(b) Azimuth in degrees magnetic; and
(c) Distance in miles from the NAVAID used.
EXAMPLE -
"MKE 030025."
2. The NAVAIDs selected to define the degree-distance fixes
shall be those authorized for use at the altitude being flown and at a
distance within the published service volume area.
3. The distance between the fixes used to define the route shall
not exceed:
(a) Below FL 80 {sic} - 80 miles;
(b) FL 180 and above - 260 miles; and
(c) For celestial navigation routes, all altitudes - 260
miles.
4. Degree-distance fixes used to define a route shall be considered
compulsory reporting points except that an aircraft may be authorized by
ATC to omit reports when traffic conditions permit.
5. Military aircraft using degree-distance route definition
procedures shall conduct operations in accordance with the following:
(a) Unless prior coordination has been effected with the
appropriate air traffic control facility, flight plan the departure and
the arrival phases to conform with the routine flow of traffic when operating
within 75 miles of the departure and the arrival airport. Use defined routes
or airways or direct courses between NAVAIDs or as otherwise required to
conform to the normal flow of traffic.
(b) Flight plans must be filed at least 2 hours before
the estimated time of departure.
b. The following special military operations are authorized to
define routes, or portions of routes, by degree-distance fixes:
1. Airborne radar navigation, radar bomb scoring (RBS), and
airborne missile programming conducted by the USAF, USN, and RAF.
2. Celestial navigation conducted by the USAF, USN, and RAF.
3. Target aircraft operating in conjunction with air defense
interceptors, and air defense interceptors while en route to and from assigned
airspace.
4. Missions conducted above FL 450.
5. USN fighter and attack aircraft operating in positive control
airspace.
6. USN/USMC aircraft, TACAN equipped, operating within the Honolulu
FIR/Hawaiian airways area.
7. USAF/USN/USMC aircraft flight planned to operate on MTRs.
8. USAF Air Mobility Command (AMC) aircraft operating on approved
station keeping equipment (SKE) routes in accordance with the conditions
and limitations listed in FAA Exemption No. 4371 to FARs 91.177(a)(2) and
91.179(b)(1).
{New-98-3 Revised February 26, 1998}
When any part of an airway or route is unusable because of NAVAID
status, clear aircraft other than /E, /F, or /G, via one of the following
alternative routes:
a. A route depicted on current U.S. Government charts/publications.
Use the word "substitute" immediately preceding the alternative route in
issuing the clearance.
b. A route defined by specifying NAVAID radials, courses, or
azimuths.
c. A route defined as direct to or between NAVAIDs.
d. Vectors.
{New-98-3 Added February 26, 1998}
NOTE -
Inform area navigation aircraft that will proceed to the NAVAID
location of the NAVAID outage.
Include routes through Class G airspace only when requested by the pilot.
NOTE -
1 - Flight plans filed for random RNAV routes through Class G airspace
are considered a request by the pilot.
2 - Flight plans containing MTR segments in/through Class G airspace
are considered a request by the pilot/s.