This type of approach and landing involves the use of techniques for what is considered a "normal" situation; that is, when engine power is available, the wind is light or the final approach is made directly into the wind, the final approach path has no obstacles, and the landing surface is firm and of ample length to gradually bring the airplane to a stop. The selected landing point should be beyond the runway's approach threshold but well within the first one-third portion of the runway.

   The factors involved and the techniques described for the normal approach and landing also have variable applications to the other than normal approaches and landings which are discussed later in this chapter. This being the case, the principles of normal operations are explained first and must be understood before proceeding to the more complex operations (Fig. 9-1).