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CLASS B AIRSPACE
Airspace from the surface
to 10,000 feet MSL surrounding the nation’s
busiest airports in terms of IFR operations or passenger
numbers. The configuration of each Class
B airspace is individually tailored and consists
of a surface area and two or more layers, and is
designed to contain all published instrument procedures
once an aircraft enters the airspace. For all
aircraft, an ATC clearance is required to operate in
the area, and aircraft so cleared receive separation
services within the airspace.
CLASS C AIRSPACE
Airspace from the surface
to 4,000 feet above the airport elevation (charted
in MSL) surrounding those airports having an
operational control tower, serviced by radar approach
control, and having a certain number of
IFR operations or passenger numbers. Although
the configuration of each Class C airspace area is
individually tailored, the airspace usually consists
of a 5 NM radius core surface area that extends
from the surface up to 4,000 feet above the airport
elevation, and a 10 NM radius shelf area that
extends from 1,200 feet to 4,000 feet above the
airport elevation.
CLASS D AIRSPACE
Airspace from the surface
to 2,500 feet above the airport elevation (charted
in MSL) surrounding those airports that have an
operational control tower. The configuration of
each Class D airspace area is individually tailored,
and when instrument procedures are published, the
airspace will normally be designed to contain the
procedures.
CLASS E AIRSPACE
Airspace that is not Class A,
Class B, Class C, or Class D, and it is controlled
airspace.
CLASS G AIRSPACE
Airspace that is uncontrolled,
except when associated with a temporary
control tower, and has not been designated as
Class A, Class B, Class C, Class D, or Class E
airspace.
CODE OF FEDERAL REGULATIONS (CFRs)
Regulations issued by the U.S. Federal Government
as published in the Federal Register.
COMBUSTION
Process of burning the fuel/air
mixture in the engine in a controlled and predictable
manner.
COMMON TRAFFIC ADVISORY FREQUENCY
(CTAF)
A frequency designed for the purpose of carrying out airport advisory practices while
operating to or from an airport without an operating
control tower. The CTAF may be a UNICOM,
Multicom, FSS or tower frequency and is identified
in appropriate aeronautical publications.
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CONTROLLED AIRSPACE
An airspace of defined
dimensions within which air traffic control
service is provided to IFR flights and to VFR
flights in accordance with the airspace classification.
Note: “controlled airspace” is a generic term
that covers Class A, Class B, Class C, Class D and
Class E airspace.
CONTROL TOWER
A terminal facility that uses
air/ground communications, visual signaling, and
other devices to provide ATC services to aircraft
operating in the vicinity of an airport or on the
movement area. Authorizes aircraft to land or
takeoff at the airport controlled by the tower or to
transit the Class D airspace area regardless of the
flight plan or weather conditions. May also provide
approach control services (radar or nonradar).
COORDINATED TURN
Turn made by an aircraft
where the horizontal component of lift is equal to
the centrifugal force of the turn.
CRAB ANGLE
The angle formed between the
direction an aircraft is pointed and the direction it
is tracking over the ground resulting from a crosswind
component.
CREWMEMBER
A person assigned to perform
duty in an aircraft during flight time.
CREW RESOURCE MANAGEMENT (CRM) The application of team management concepts in
the flight deck environment. This includes single
pilots of general aviation aircraft. Pilots of small
aircraft, as well as crews of larger aircraft, must
make effective use of all available resources; human
resources, hardware, and information. Human
resource groups include but are not limited to:
pilots, dispatchers, cabin crewmembers, maintenance
personnel, and air traffic controllers.
CRM
See CREW RESOURCE MANAGEMENT.
CROSSWIND
Wind blowing across rather than
parallel to the direction of flight. In a traffic pattern,
the crosswind leg is a flight path at right
angles to the landing runway off its upwind end.
CROSSWIND CORRECTION
Correction applied
in order to maintain a straight ground track during
flight when a crosswind is present.
CROSSWIND LANDING
Landing made with a
wind that is blowing across rather than parallel to
the landing direction.
CROSSWIND TAKEOFFS
Takeoffs made during
crosswind conditions.
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