Chap7TOC

**Section 1. Meteorology**
7-1-1.	National Weather Service Aviation Products	7-1-17.	Reporting Prevailing Visibility
7-1-2.	FAA Weather Services	7-1-18.	Estimating Intensity of Rain and Ice Pellets
7-1-3.	Use of Aviation Weather Products	7-1-19.	Estimating Intensity of Snow or Drizzle (Based on Visibility)
7-1-4.	Preflight Briefing	7-1-20.	Pilot Weather Reports (PIREPs)
7-1-5.	En Route Flight Advisory Service (EFAS)	7-1-21.	PIREPs Relating to Airframe Icing
7-1-6.	Inflight Aviation Weather Advisories	7-1-22.	Definitions of Inflight Icing Terms
7-1-7.	Categorical Outlooks	7-1-23.	PIREPs Relating to Turbulence
7-1-8.	Telephone Information Briefing Service (TIBS)	7-1-24.	Wind Shear PIREPs
7-1-9.	Transcribed Weather Broadcast (TWEB)	7-1-25.	Clear Air Turbulence (CAT) PIREPs
7-1-10.	Inflight Weather Broadcasts	7-1-26.	Microbursts
7-1-11.	Flight Information Services (FIS)	7-1-27.	PIREPs Relating to Volcanic Ash Activity
7-1-12.	Weather Observing Programs	7-1-28.	Thunderstorms
7-1-13.	Weather Radar Services	7-1-29.	Thunderstorm Flying
7-1-14.	ATC Inflight Weather Avoidance Assistance	7-1-30.	Key to Aerodrome Forecast (TAF) and Aviation Routine Weather Report (METAR)
7-1-15.	Runway Visual Range (RVR)	7-1-31.	International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO) Weather Formats
7-1-16.	Reporting of Cloud Heights

**Section 2. Altimeter Setting Procedures**
7-2-1.	General	7-2-4.	High Barometric Pressure
7-2-2.	Procedures	7-2-5.	Low Barometric Pressure
7-2-3.	Altimeter Errors

Section 2. Altimeter Setting Procedures

7-2-1.

General

7-2-4.

High Barometric Pressure

7-2-2.

Procedures

7-2-5.

Low Barometric Pressure

7-2-3.

Altimeter Errors

**Section 3. Wake Turbulence**
7-3-1.	General	7-3-6.	Vortex Avoidance Procedures
7-3-2.	Vortex Generation	7-3-7.	Helicopters
7-3-3.	Vortex Strength	7-3-8.	Pilot Responsibility
7-3-4.	Vortex Behavior	7-3-9.	Air Traffic Wake Turbulence Separations
7-3-5.	Operations Problem Areas

Section 3. Wake Turbulence

7-3-1.

General

7-3-6.

Vortex Avoidance Procedures

7-3-2.

Vortex Generation

7-3-7.

Helicopters

7-3-3.

Vortex Strength

7-3-8.

Pilot Responsibility

7-3-4.

Vortex Behavior

7-3-9.

Air Traffic Wake Turbulence Separations

7-3-5.

Operations Problem Areas

Section 4. Bird Hazards and Flight
Over National Refuges, Parks, and Forests
7-4-1.	Migratory Bird Activity	7-4-4.	Reporting Bird and Other Wildlife Activities
7-4-2.	Reducing Bird Strike Risks	7-4-5.	Pilot Advisories on Bird and Other Wildlife Hazards
7-4-3.	Reporting Bird Strikes	7-4-6.	Flights Over Charted U.S. Wildlife Refuges, Parks, and Forest Service Areas

Section 4. Bird Hazards and Flight
Over National Refuges, Parks, and Forests

7-4-1.

Migratory Bird Activity

7-4-4.

Reporting Bird and Other Wildlife Activities

7-4-2.

Reducing Bird Strike Risks

7-4-5.

Pilot Advisories on Bird and Other Wildlife Hazards

7-4-3.

Reporting Bird Strikes

7-4-6.

Flights Over Charted U.S. Wildlife Refuges, Parks, and
Forest Service Areas

**Section 5. Potential Flight Hazards**
7-5-1.	Accident Cause Factors	7-5-8.	Seaplane Safety
7-5-2.	VFR in Congested Areas	7-5-9.	Flight Operations in Volcanic Ash
7-5-3.	Obstructions to Flight	7-5-10.	Emergency Airborne Inspection of Other Aircraft
7-5-4.	Avoid Flight Beneath Unmanned Balloons	7-5-11.	Precipitation Static
7-5-5.	Unmanned Aircraft Systems	7-5-12.	Light Amplification by Stimulated Emission of Radiation (Laser) Operations and Reporting Illumination of Aircraft
7-5-6.	Mountain Flying	7-5-13.	Flying in Flat Light and White Out Conditions
7-5-7.	Use of Runway Half-way Signs at Unimproved Airports	7-5-14.	Operations in Ground Icing Conditions

Section 5. Potential Flight Hazards

7-5-1.

Accident Cause Factors

7-5-8.

Seaplane Safety

7-5-2.

VFR in Congested Areas

7-5-9.

Flight Operations in Volcanic Ash

7-5-3.

Obstructions to Flight

7-5-10.

Emergency Airborne Inspection of Other Aircraft

7-5-4.

Avoid Flight Beneath Unmanned Balloons

7-5-11.

Precipitation Static

7-5-5.

Unmanned Aircraft Systems

7-5-12.

Light Amplification by Stimulated Emission of Radiation (Laser) Operations and Reporting Illumination of Aircraft

7-5-6.

Mountain Flying

7-5-13.

Flying in Flat Light and White Out Conditions

7-5-7.

Use of Runway Half-way Signs at Unimproved Airports

7-5-14.

Operations in Ground Icing Conditions

**Section 6. Safety, Accident, and Hazard Reports**
	7-6-1.	Aviation Safety Reporting Program
	7-6-2.	Aircraft Accident and Incident Reporting
	7-6-3.	Near Midair Collision Reporting
	7-6-4.	Unidentified Flying Object (UFO) Reports

Section 6. Safety, Accident, and Hazard Reports

7-6-1.

Aviation Safety Reporting Program

7-6-2.

Aircraft Accident and Incident Reporting

7-6-3.

Near Midair Collision Reporting

7-6-4.

Unidentified Flying Object (UFO) Reports